The War Against Christmas . . .

. . .is nothing new, nor is it particularly American, or anti-religious. It is at least as old as the Puritan movement, faith of New England's settlers--Christmas was banned in Boston for 22 years. Among other prominent anti-Christmas activists was the English Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell, who outlawed it.

WSJ: Earthquake Aid Boosts US Image

It seems that actually helping people, instead of lecturing them, had made America better liked in Pakistan, according to an article in the Wall Street Journal:

Long a stronghold for Islamic extremists and the world's second-most populous Muslim nation, Pakistanis now hold a more favorable opinion of the U.S. than at any time since 9/11, while support for al Qaeda in its home base has dropped to its lowest level since then. The direct cause for this dramatic shift in Muslim opinion is clear: American humanitarian assistance for Pakistani victims of the Oct. 8 earthquake that killed 87,000. The U.S. pledged $510 million for earthquake relief in Pakistan and American soldiers are playing a prominent role in rescuing victims from remote mountainous villages.

A Measure of Media Bias

Today's Drudge Report had an item about this report by UCLA professor Tim Groseclose and Jeffrey Milyo of the University of Missouri. So I googled the link to their original article. Here's the abstract:

Abstract: We measure media bias by estimating ideological scores for several major media outlets. To compute this, we count the times that a particular media outlet cites various think tanks and policy groups, then compare this with the times that members of Congress cite the same groups. Our results show a strong liberal bias: all of the news outlets we examine, except Fox News’ Special Report and the Washington Times, received scores to the left of the average member of Congress. Consistent with claims made by conservative critics, CBS Evening News and the New York Times received scores far to the left of center. The most centrist media outlets were PBS NewsHour, CNN’s Newsnight, and ABC’s Good Morning America; among print outlets, USAToday was closest to the center. All of our findings refer strictly to news content; that is we exclude editorials, letters, and the like.

Now that there's a quantitative method to conduct such research, maybe the Corporation for Public Broadcasting might contract with Groseclose and Milyo as ombudsmen to scientifically study their entire program lineup on radio and television--instead of hiring Ken Tomlinson's political cronies, or retired journalists who may have axes to grind?

State Department Offcial Rejects Russian Sovereignty

In a December 14th appearance at the American Enterprise Institute, the assistant secretary, Bureau of European & Eurasian Affairs, U.S. Department of State, appeared to challenge Russia's right to national self-determination (see boldface sentence in transcript below):

QUESTION: Thank you. I'm Vladimir Kara-Murza with RTVI Television, Russia. When you spoke about advancing democracy in the former Soviet region – Belarus, Kyrgyzstan – you didn't mention Russia. How does that – advancing democracy in Russia, is that an issue for the U.S. Administration, especially in terms of its relations with Putin?

And then just quickly, is the U.S. prepared to cooperate with the European Union investigation on the detainee issue?

AMBASSADOR FRIED: Well, we have to find a phrase other than former Soviet space. You know, the United States doesn't usually refer to itself as the former British Colonial space. (Laughter.) It's over, okay? It's over.[Editor's note: What about all the anglosphere stuff?]

Russian democracy – the time is gone when nations could simply wall off the world and say non-interference in internal affairs is an absolute condition of state sovereignty. The United States has every – every country in the world is interested in the internal affairs of the United States. [sic, Fried may have meant to say Russia, a Freudian slip?]

I think Fried may come to regret these remarks...

Exit Poll: Islamists Win Iraqi Election

According to Reuters:

A straw poll conducted after voting closed in Iraq's election on Thursday showed the dominant Shi'ite Islamist bloc retained a strong following, but was being challenged by former Prime Minister Iyad Allawi's secular list.

More than 500 interviews with voters by Reuters reporters across Iraq indicated strong support in Shi'ite areas for the United Iraqi Alliance (UIA), the senior partner in a ruling coalition with the Kurds.

The UIA says it has won 57 percent of the national vote for Iraq's first full-term parliament since Saddam Hussein fell.

More on UIA from Wikipedia.

Why Torture is Bad

The Washington Post seems to be on a roll today. Here's their Outlook section essay by Vladimir Bukovsky about the damage torture does--to torturers.

So, why would democratically elected leaders of the United States ever want to legalize what a succession of Russian monarchs strove to abolish? Why run the risk of unleashing a fury that even Stalin had problems controlling? Why would anyone try to "improve intelligence-gathering capability" by destroying what was left of it? Frustration? Ineptitude? Ignorance? Or, has their friendship with a certain former KGB lieutenant colonel, V. Putin, rubbed off on the American leaders? I have no answer to these questions, but I do know that if Vice President Cheney is right and that some "cruel, inhumane or degrading" (CID) treatment of captives is a necessary tool for winning the war on terrorism, then the war is lost already.

Inside America's Yemeni Democracy-Building Program

David Finkel has a fascinating front-page article in the Washington Posttoday, about the National Democratic Institute's program in Yemen headed by an American woman named Robin Madrid. Finkel hasn't yet informed us that, according to her NDI biography, Madrid was political director of the Arab American Institute, "where she developed and implemented programs to politically energize Arab Americans to participate fully in the 1998 and 2000 elections". The story is typically bureaucratic and absurd, and sadly one of the participants seems to have been killed in a tribal shootout that may have been connected.

On the first day, June 15, 2005, none of the 14 tribal sheiks who gathered in a conference room to meet with Madrid about her program had been followed by the internal police. None had been called by the police in the middle of the night. None had been summoned to the president's palace and told that Americans aren't to be trusted. And none had been hurt, killed or nearly killed, which would happen to one of the men on the 88th day of the program when he would be ambushed by three carloads of men with machine guns in an ongoing tribal war, the very thing that Madrid and the men hoped the program could end.

Jack Anderson, Remembered

By Murray Waas. (ht War and Piece)

By Howard Kurtz, in the Washington Post.

By John Roderick,also in the Washington Post.

More on USAID Support for Islamists

I found a link to this item I posted on Registan.net on April 23rd, 2005, about a US News and World Report article that is evidence for the troubling theory that USAID has been supporting Islamists around the world -- whose goal is the defeat of the United States:

US News & World Report found an American University law professor who says USAID programs funding Islamic groups are not kosher.

U.S. taxpayer dollars going to Islamic radio, Islamic TV, Islamic schools, mosques, and monuments–no wonder some officials find the strategy controversial. USAID staffers argue that as long as they offer assistance to all groups and their grants are meant for secular activities, they are allowed to fund religious organizations. “We structure our programming to be in compliance with ‘establishment clause’ case law,” says Jeffrey Grieco, a USAID spokesman, referring to the First Amendment’s church-state divide. But some legal experts question whether America’s growing involvement with Islam is legal, given that American courts have found that tax dollars may not be used to support religion. “For us to be doing this is probably unconstitutional,” says Herman Schwartz, a constitutional law professor at American University. In 1991, Schwartz and the American Civil Liberties Union won a case against USAID to stop it from funding 20 Catholic and Jewish schools overseas.

It’s worth reading the whole thing, especially the section that indicates the CIA currently funds the Muslim Brotherhood, among other organizations . Here’s the money quote on that relationship:

Another strategy being pursued is to make peace with radical Muslim figures who eschew violence. At the top of the list: the Muslim Brotherhood, the pre-eminent Islamist society, founded in 1928 and now with tens of thousands of followers worldwide. Many brotherhood members, particularly in Egypt and Jordan, are at serious odds with al Qaeda. “I can guarantee that if you go to some of the unlikely points of contact in the Islamic world, you will find greater reception than you thought,” says Milt Bearden, whose 30-year CIA career included long service in Muslim societies. “The Muslim Brotherhood is probably more a part of the solution than it is a part of the problem.” Indeed, sources say U.S. intelligence officers have been meeting not only with the Muslim Brotherhood but also with members of the Deobandi sect in Pakistan, whose fundamentalism schooled the Taliban and inspired an army of al Qaeda followers.

* Here's a link to Todd Bullock's official US Government report aboutUSAID chief Andrew Natsios's October, 2005 Iftar dinner:

Washington -- Hosting the U.S. Agency for International Development's (USAID) third annual iftar dinner October 20, USAID Administrator Andrew Natsios spoke of the affirmation of faith and compassion through Islam as well as the U.S. commitment to development throughout the world.

Natsios recognized the achievements of Muslim charitable organizations and reaffirmed the U.S. partnership with many of these organizations in helping improve the lives of those in need throughout the world.

"We are working actively in the Muslim world. Half of our $17 billion budget is spent in Muslim countries from Morocco to Indonesia and in Muslim countries in Africa and Central Asia," Natsios said. His audience consisted of U.S. Muslim civic leaders as well as members of the diplomatic corps in the meal that breaks the daytime fast during the month of Ramadan.

Offering the prayer to break the fast before the dinner, Imam Hisham Hussainy of the Karbala Institute in Dearborn, Michigan, said, "Fasting may be practiced around the world at different times for different reasons but God wanted us all to feel the need and hunger of those who suffer."

"In this time of compassion, we need to pray more and help one another. I am proud to be here at the time of the holy month of Ramadan with those who hold these values," Hussainy said.

"I think a person of faith cannot help but be moved when people of faith reaffirm their faith's connection to God and their commitment to fellow human beings," Natsios added.

He cited USAID's recent efforts to develop a free and responsible media in Afghanistan through the establishment of 29 locally owned and operated radio stations.

Natsios applauded the work of U.S. Sunni and Shi’a leaders who have traveled abroad and engaged audiences on Muslims' active participation in U.S. civil society.

The administrator also recognized the daily work and compassionate acts of USAID's non-U.S. staff around the world, which accounts for 4,966 employees out of USAID'S total staff of 7,193.

Several Muslim leaders also spoke of their successful partnerships with other faith-based organizations on humanitarian projects as well as gains in improving an understanding of Islam in the United States and abroad.

* And here's a link to an item from Militant Islam Monitor on USAID support for Arab terror.

* Finally, this quote on a US Government website from Natsios praising Iraq's constitutional pledge of allegiance to Islamic law:

With respect to Iraq in particular, Natsios said, “A law that reflects basic Muslim values is to be anticipated and welcomed under the new constitution as representing the authentic voice of the Iraqi people that Ba’athist ideology suppressed.”

With Natsios gone, would it be too much to ask Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice to stop subsidizing Islamism, when she takes over USAID?

The Professor Rocks

Just met the Professor of Rock here in Washington, DC, who told me about his Golden Oldie radio show. After he told me about how he got into Oxford by talking about Rock and Roll in his interview, I said I'd put a link on my blog to his site. If you liked Buddy Holly and other pioneers of 1950s Rock and Roll, his webcast looks like it's just the thing . . .

Uzbek Islamist Links to Al Qaeda

Thanks to a mention on New Eurasia.net by Nick, I read this very interesting interview with an Islamist terror cell leader in Uzbekistan in the Moscow News. It discusses Al Qaeda, and the May 2005 Andijan violence:

Did you take part in the Andizhan events?

No, it was probably the work of the Islamic Jihad of Uzbekistan: they pulled out of the IMU. They are even more radical and intransigent. They are mostly young men.

But are events of this type not coordinated, for example, by al-Qaeda?

Al-Qaeda translates as “foundation,” “base”. So we also began with a base, but now everyone is on his own. Information and instructions are issued via the Internet. There was an al-Qaeda camp adjacent to ours in Chechnya, but the two kept entirely separate from each other. We had mainly Uzbeks, Tajiks, and Kyrgyz, while they had Arabs and Europeans, but some recruits occasionally moved from one camp to the other. There was no rigid structure.

For example, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi in Iraq. He is portrayed as a bin Laden representative, but this is not so; he is on his own. We got in touch with him not very long ago, offering to help, but he refused. I met with Zarqawi two years ago. He did not stand out in any special way. At that time, I was higher within our hierarchy.

Are you acquainted with bin Laden?

Would not say acquainted, but I have met him on several occasions. He addressed us in Afghanistan in 2000. He said that he was pleased to see representatives from 56 countries there and that we should unite. Some people proposed a series of attacks in a number of countries, for example, blow up a dam near Tashkent or explode a “dirty bomb”. But he said that “we will have time to do that yet.” He asked whether there were any physicists among us.

Are you saying that al-Qaeda has a “dirty bomb”?

Yes, I think it does . . .

Hawaii Insider Trading Suit Hits AOL Mogul

AOL founder Steve Case is in Big Trouble on the Big Island, and so is his lawyer father. Their business venture has been sued for $750 million in compensatory damages and for punitive damages of $2 billion. Here's an excerpt from the article in the Honolulu Star-Bulletin by Stewart Yerton:

The former shareholders of Grove Farm Co. Inc. allege that Case engaged in insider trading while negotiating the acquisition of privately held Grove Farm for $26 million, or $152 a share. The suit alleges that Case acted on information provided to him by his father, Dan, whose law firm, Case Bigelow & Lombardi, served as counsel to Grove Farm at the time of the acquisition.

The suit, filed this week in U.S. District Court in Honolulu, alleges that the elder Case represented his son during the acquisition and made information available to the younger Case that was not available to other parties interested in buying Grove Farm, a large Kauai landowner. The suit further alleges that shareholders were kept in the dark about information that was given to Case by his father and his father's law partners, who were representing the seller at the time...

...The suit alleges that Steve Case and companies affiliated with him were enriched by $750 million as a result of the alleged illegal trading. The suit alleges that the plaintiffs were damaged by the same amount, each in proportion to the amount of stock the plaintiff owned. The suit names 25 plaintiffs.

Steve Case could not be reached for comment yesterday.

A Bethesda, Maryland lawyer is representing the plaintiffs. Matthew Simmons's legal prowess is apparently so feared by Case's side that they unsuccessfully tried to have him excluded from the trial, according to this article:

Maryland attorney Matthew Simmons, an expert in securities, fraud, and corporate governance issues, will join local attorneys John McDermott and Richard Wilson in a suit alleging fraud over the sale of Grove Farm in 2000.

Despite opposition from lawyers representing Grove Farm and the other defendants, including Case's father Dan, Judge Kathleen Watanabe said there were no relevant reasons to stop Simmons from serving on the case.

This lawsuit, filed in 2002 by Wilson on behalf of many of the former shareholders of Grove Farm, is set for trial next October. Steve Case is not a named defendant in the 2002 suit, but Grove Farm is and so are board members of the company.

So, all you AOL stockholders--stay tuned.

UPDATE: More here.

Uzbek Minister Sued in Berlin

For crimes against humanity. Apparently, Germany allows legal action for crimes committed in other countries, according to this story in the Moscow Times.

Here is a link to the Human Rights Watch fact sheet on the case.

If this case goes forward,how much longer before similar torture charges over secret CIA prisons are brought in Germany against Donald Rumsfeld and George Bush, one wonders?

Haaretz Readers on Spielberg's Munich . . .

...a lot of them don't like it. Your can read the debate here.

Understanding Russian Popular Music

Johnson's Russia List tipped us off to this interesting post about Russian pop music from Russia Blog:

One of my co-workers asked me what a particularly sad song was about. And so I paid attention to the words, though I haven’t listened to it much since then. The song, Davai za Zhizn' (Let’s Drink to Life) by the very popular Russian band Lyube is about a soldier who is terribly wounded, and his comrades are promising him that everything will be ok, that they will all dance at his wedding, that he will hold his kids someday. However, the listener understands that they are just saying these things to comfort an 18 year old soldier who is bleeding to death. The chorus goes: “Let’s drink to us, let’s drink to the end, to the end of the war, to those who used to be with us.” The whole song has melancholy rock instrumentation. So, there’s some Russian rock’n’roll for you.

Be Careful What You Wish For...

Speaking of time in the slammer, conservative diva Ann Coulter's Christmas wish list apparently includes a visit to jail--she's asking to be arrested in her new column, believe it or not. Is she jealous of Judy Miller or Martha Stewart? Maybe Ann might think this thing over-- before somebody takes her up on it...

Life in a Kyrgyz Penal Colony

Felix Kulov, the current Prime Minister of Kyrgyzstan, a former Mayor of Bishkek and KGB officer, was sent to a Soviet-style penal colony by the country's former ruler, Askar Akayev. Now, he tells Ferghana.ru what life was like as a political prisoner. It reminded me of Natan Sharansky and Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn. Kulov concluded that the prison experience made him sterner, but not crueler.

Ferghana.Ru: A question to a former policeman and an ex-prisoner. What did imprisonment teach you?

Felix Kulov: I have never thought about it. I do not think it changed me much. Why? Because I never lost touch with my friends beyond the prison walls. I had different sources of information, you know. This prison experience, I'd say that it gave me a lot. There were few hardened criminals behind the bars, you know. Most prisoners were ordinary men jailed for all sorts of reasons. Say, for tax-evasion... They all were different. For example, some prisoners were brilliant software specialists, others were businessmen. Different people. I mean, they were not the scum of society, you know. Just ordinary men... Sure, there were criminals as well, professional criminals. They went on stealing from others right there. Men like that, they cannot help it. Some were junkies. I saw them all. From the point of view of knowledge of life, it was really an experience. It was interesting as well from the point of view of proving oneself. What would I do under the circumstances? How would I behave? What am I?

As a matter of fact, I'm not ashamed for my behavior. I did not stoop. It was all very open and transparent there. Whether or not a man commanded respect and what treatment among other prisoners he got depended on the man himself. Do something venal, and you will be treated accordingly no matter who or what you were in the past life. You begin with scratch over there. I will only tell you that I commanded respect among my fellow prisoners.

There were 600 prisoners in all, including 50 or 60 who were what was termed "reds". That means ex-servicemen of the Internal Troops, former policemen, etc. The rest were the so called "blacks" and they all were divided into two categories. I was a political prisoner. "You are fighting for your truth, and we respect you for that," I was told by both camps or whatever they were. I had their respect but I never meddled in their affairs. They live by their own laws there. I did not set these laws and rules in the first place and knew enough to keep my distance.

As a matter of fact, that's an interesting subject. What is a penal colony? A territory fenced in, with watchtowers and soldiers on them, with people living inside that territory. It is absolutely deserted by night. Just two men somewhere on the tower, warrant officers on duty. They are unarmed, but have a radio to make their reports. A Soviet system, you know. A penal colony, not prison. In Western movies all cells open simultaneously, prisoners take their daily walk, and get herded back in later on. That's probably how things are done there, I do not know. It is different in our penal colonies. You get in, there is not one other prisoner around, you are on your own. Decades of the Soviet regime and this penitentiary system resulted in appearance of certain rules.

Say, a prisoner is not supposed to carry a knife openly. No fights are permitted. Whoever has to settle some issue in that manner, they have to go to the so called forbidden zone beyond the barbed wire. The survivor comes back. That's logical, or there will be endless fights. Sure, they occur too, but they always incur a punishment. A prisoner who got drunk should not show it because not everyone has access to booze. Prisoners do get drunk, but they are supposed to behave themselves. They'd have killed each other in no time at all otherwise. They are all "heroes" there, you know. Shortly speaking, it took many generations of prisoners literally decades to work out all these rules.

Some men become thieves by statute which elevates them to the highest status of the underworld hierarchy. It is they who see to it that these rules are observed and enforce them whenever necessary. Here is one of the rules. Whenever someone puts someone else on drugs, makes this someone else a needle-freak, then this man is in real trouble. He'll be beaten to the inch of his life, until he wishes he did not do it. Whenever it is done in that other life, beyond the barbed wire and fence, it's all right. In a penal colony it is forbidden.

There was not a single episode of rape when I was there. There were the so called "hurt" among the prisoners, and even some gays. Fifteen or so, they lived separately. So far as I know, only two were bona fide homosexuals. As for all others, most of them chose to be thought of and treated as such because, for example, they thought life would be easier. Well, these people did all dirty work - sweeping outdoors, cleaning lavatories...

Not one prisoner was taken by force. This practice is becoming history too - not because it is not "civilized" or something but because reasons must be grave and valid indeed. If the rules are not observed, the rapist will find himself in trouble. He may even get killed for it. That's risky.

I do not perceive any romanticism in all of that. It's just life as it is, life that forces its own rough laws on us. I cannot say that I liked absolutely all rules and laws. Say, all these so called "suits" - thieves, punks, workers, etc. There were episodes of crying injustice as well, and I even tried to do something about it every now and then because I just could not remain a disinterested observer. I had my share of enemies among junkies there. Well, life is life. Neither could I interfere directly. I had to come up with something, some device that would help whoever I was trying to help and at the same time concur with their rules and laws. It was not easy at all but I just could not keep silent.

Notre Dame Mosque: 2048 by Yelena Chudinova

This month's copy of Russia Profile had an interesting book review by editor Andrei Zolotov, Jr. of Yelena Chudinova's dystopian thriller about a possible Islamist conquest of France: Notre Dame Mosque: 2048.

You can't add it to your Christmas gift list, because it hasn't been translated into English yet. Notre Dame Mosque: 2048. has provoked a big splash in Russia, because of its plot--updating the story of the fall of Constantinople and combining it with the legendary French Resistance during WWII. Where Constantinople was once the heart of the Christian world, Paris is symbolizes the heart of the secular world today--brought about by Enlightenment thinkers such as Voltaire.

In Chudinova's book, the fall of Paris to the Islamists means that in 2048, French who refuse to convert to Islam are locked in to ghettoes, farmers are stoned to death for producing wine, and women must wear the chador. As during WWII, there is a secular underground resistance that blows up bloodthirsty Imams, as well as a secret Catholic community living in catacombs beneath the city. When the liquidation of the non-Islamic ghettoes is announced, secularists and Christians join forces in an uprising the author calls "the Ninth Crusade." Notre Dame is reconquered, Mass is said, and then the Cathedral-turned-Mosque blown up by resistance fighters.

Zolotov concludes his review:

This is more of an ideological statement than a work of fiction. it is a fundamentalist Christian pamphlet in the form of a novel. The author says he main goal is to issue a warning to decrepit European civilization. She also deliberately violates every form of political correctness in her viruently anti-Muslim and anti-liberal stance.

The book, which marks the first inroad of Russia's nascent religious right movement into the realm of fiction, provoked a splash of often justified criticism. However, reading it against the backdrop of the recent French riots was certainly an eerie experience.

Chudinova's controversial novel has been discussed here where she is called Russia's Orianna Fallaci, as well as on this Armenian website and the website of the Union of the Council for Jews of the Former Soviet Union--twice.

If you read Russian, you can buy a copy online from Chudinova's Russian publisher, Lepta Press. Chudinova's Russian biography is online at the "literary cafe" section, under "authors."

You can read a brief English biography here.

David Irving and the Islamist Threat

The arrest of David Irving in Vienna on charges of denying the Holocaust is an interesting development. In a Spectator column calling for his release, titled Let Irving Speak, Rod Liddle noted that there was an Anglo-Saxon free speech issue involved, and asked:

Are we agitating for his immediate release? Has Jack Straw summoned the Austrian ambassador for an explanation? You're having a laugh mate. What about Amnesty International UK? They do excellent work on behalf of prisoners of conscience, i.e., people who are put in prison simply for stating an opinion. Not a hope. Its spokesman told me that it would not be petitioning on Irving's behalf because his views could incite hatred. So sod the freedom of conscience stuff on this occasion then.

What I'd like to suggest is that by the David Irving standard, the US and US supported NGOs might consider dropping support for Islamist "prisoners of conscience" who espouse similar anti-semitic views. And that the US Government and US supported NGOs immediately stop their condemnation of governments that treat Islamists the way Austria treats David Irving.

Certainly the threat currently facing Austria is less great than in many other countries. Yet there apparently is a basis in law and history for their actions to circumscribe free speech.And the "international community" defers to Austria, rather than condemning their actions.

Yet, Austrians haven't acted on the basis of anti-semitic incitement for a couple of generations. But Islamist anti-semites have incited violence around the world. One prominent Holocaust denier who calls for Israel to be wiped off the map happens to be president of Iran--and is supporting global guerrilla movements and their front organizations. Given that there have been actual terrorists acts inspired by Islamist rhetoric little different from David Irving's it is strange that groups like Amnesty International apparently take a threat from David Irving seriously, but not the very real threat from Islamist organizations that celebrated the attack on the World Trade Center, the bombings and riots in London, Madrid, Istanbul, Bali, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt, Jordan, the Phillipines, India, Chechnya, Uzbekistan, Russia, France--and Israel, of course.

If David Irving is indeed a threat to Austrians in the view of human rights NGOs, then Western human rights groups might also consider that Islamist anti-semites and holocaust deniers are at least equally a danger -- and stop their vigorous defense of an obvious worldwide incitment to violence by Islamists that makes David Irving look tame by comparison.

Haaretz on the Palestinian Elections

Shmuel Rosner has an interesting analysis of how elections may lead to more terror in the Palestinian Authority controlled areas:

"Didn't you learn the lesson of Hezbollah?" an Israeli asked. "They participated in the Lebanese election, but it didn't stop them from continuing to score points with terror attacks. They didn't "integrate" into the political system, so why do you think it will be different with Hamas?"

The Americans listened carefully. They don't feel comfortable with the current situation, but the influence they have on the PA leadership is limited. Abu Mazen is weak, but there are no alternatives in sight. If it were up to Israel, no Palestinian elections would take place as long as the Hamas question is unresolved. "We will arrest anyone we think is a terror operative," an Israeli official told the Americans. "Make no mistake, elections will not stop us from doing what we think is necessary."